Queste informazioni sono solo a scopo di riferimento e non costituiscono consulenza legale. Consulta un avvocato abilitato prima di qualsiasi transazione.
Procura per la gestione fondiaria
Civil and Commercial Code (Agency) + Land Department forms
Le informazioni sono verificate e aggiornate mensilmente sulle fonti ufficiali.
In breve
Le compravendite di terreni e condo possono passare per un procuratore, ma il Land Office accetta solo il proprio modulo di procura, autenticato e, se firmato all'estero, legalizzato al consolato thai.
TD.21-form: Mandatory Land Department form
Land offices across Thailand accept only the official Tor Dor 21 template for granting authority over immovable property. A power of attorney drafted independently, even by a lawyer, will be rejected at the counter regardless of its content.
parties-identification: Identification of grantor and grantee
The document requires full identity details of both the person granting authority and the appointed representative, including ID number, age, nationality, parentage and residential address, ensuring both parties are unambiguously verifiable by land officials.
scope-of-authority: Description of authorized actions
The purpose section must state precisely which land transactions the representative may perform, such as selling, buying or mortgaging property. Vague or blank descriptions undermine the document's validity and may cause officials to refuse registration.
duration-of-authority: Duration and termination of authority
Authority granted under the form remains effective until the appointer formally revokes it. There is no automatic expiry date built into the standard template, so cancellation must be actively communicated to relevant parties and offices.
execution-abroad: Execution outside Thailand
When the grantor signs while overseas, the document must first receive certification from a Thai embassy, consulate, or a local notary public before Thai land offices will recognize its validity for registration purposes.
single-document-integrity: Uniform writing and ink requirement
The entire form must be completed using consistent handwriting or the same typewriter, and identical ink color throughout. Mixing different writing instruments or colors raises doubts about tampering and can invalidate the submission.
corrections-handling: Handling of corrections and erasures
Any erasure, retouch, correction or cross-out on the form must be individually counted and the appointer must sign beside each such mark, confirming personal awareness and acceptance of every alteration made to the document.
signing-sequence: Sequence for signing the document
The appointer must never sign or place a thumbprint before every blank field on the form has been accurately completed. Signing a partially filled document exposes the grantor to unauthorized additions afterward.
witness-requirements: Witness requirements for validity
At minimum one witness must sign the document. If the appointer uses a thumbprint instead of a signature, two witnesses are required, and in all cases witnesses themselves must sign rather than provide a thumbprint.
thumbprint-alternative: Use of thumbprint instead of signature
Where an appointer cannot sign, a left thumbprint may substitute for a signature. In such cases the unused option on the form (signature or thumbprint wording) should be crossed out to avoid ambiguity.
property-particulars: Identification of the property involved
The form requires precise land location details, including title deed number, survey number, sub-district, district and province, so that land officials can match the authorization to the exact parcel being transacted.
agency-law-basis: Underlying civil law agency principles
Beyond the standardized form, the underlying relationship follows Civil and Commercial Code agency rules, meaning the representative acts within delegated limits and the appointer remains bound by actions performed within that authorized scope.
rejection-risk: Consequences of non-conforming documents
Land officials routinely refuse any power of attorney that deviates from the prescribed template or omits required details, meaning transactions can be delayed or blocked entirely until a compliant Tor Dor 21 is produced.
practical-drafting-advice: Practical guidance for foreign clients
Foreign owners engaging representatives for land transactions should obtain the current Tor Dor 21 template directly from the relevant land office branch and complete it precisely rather than relying on translated or improvised versions.